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may 5th 1961 freedom 7 the United States

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took the first small step on its journey

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America's first man in space Alan

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Shepard rode the mercury capsule lifted

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216 miles by the Redstone rockets 78,000

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pounds of thrust ten years later the

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launch vehicle is Saturn five with a

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thrust of seven and a half million

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pounds on January 31st 1971 the crew of

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Apollo 14 would leave Earth on their

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mission to the moon

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the man who began our first decade of

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manned spaceflight would command a

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mission that would close that decade

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Alan Shepard with him Stuart Roosa who

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would orbit the moon alone while Shepard

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and Edgar Mitchell explored its surface

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their destination a rugged area of lunar

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Highlands called fra mauro Apollo 13

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aborted as it neared the moon had been

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unable to land at this site now we were

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trying again

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but why fra mauro what happened to the

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moon during its first billion years a

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period of raised on earth how did the

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earth and moon different overall

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composition by visiting fra mauro we

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hope to sample a very bedrock of the

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moon material very different from that

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so far collected material perhaps dating

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back to the beginning of the solar

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system how can you think of the soil

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being 4.5 billion years old when igneous

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rocks which presumably underlying are

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only 3.5 or 3.7 billion years old this I

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suppose will be dramatically refuted or

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confirmed at the Apollo 14 mission when

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they actually visit from our most of the

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activity is associated with one place on

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the moon and we have tentatively located

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that place in or near the crater from

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everything went smoothly during Earth

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orbit and for the burn that sent Apollo

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14 toward the moon then Stuart Roosa

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moved the command module Kittyhawk to a

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docking with the lunar module Antares

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still attached to the third stage of the

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booster twice they tried three times as

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the astronauts waited an identical

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docking probe was brought into Mission

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Control this probe on the command module

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fits into a funnel-like device on the

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lunar module called a drogue tiny

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catches on the probes point engaged the

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drogue it was these capture latches that

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were not holding in space the astronauts

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tried a fourth time and a fifth in space

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on earth they searched for a solution

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as they coasted to the moon the crew

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brought the probe inside the spacecraft

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for examination on earth the probe was

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tested and retested

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for we had to be sure that the probe

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would work for the most critical docking

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as Shepard and Mitchell returned from

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the lunar surface on February 4th Apollo

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14 went into orbit around the moon as

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Apollo 14 was on its first orbit the

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third stage of the Boosters smashed into

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the moon at its planned target point its

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impact picked up by the seismometer left

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by Apollo 12 the structure of the moon's

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interior is one of the major mysteries

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of lunar science now another piece was

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added that could help solve the puzzle

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later that day Shepard and Mitchell

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climbed into the lunar module Antares

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and undocked prior to descent but as

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they checked out the lunar module a

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problem appeared an erroneous abort was

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being signaled on board Antares and in

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Mission Control should this occur during

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the landing burn Antares would abort

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automatically and the landing would be

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off the Mission Control team had two

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hours the time of one lunar orbit to

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find a solution flight controller dick

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Thorson diagnosed the trouble as a loose

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particle in the abort button the burden

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then came to rest on the shoulders of

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computer programmer

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Donald Isles

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working against time at MIT in Cambridge

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Massachusetts he reprogrammed the lunar

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module computer to ignore the false

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signal this new program was then checked

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out in a simulator at Cape Kennedy as

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antarious came into contact with earth

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again the instructions were sent up to

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the crew less than 10 miles above the

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lunar surface Shepard and Mitchell swept

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across the landing site then another

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problem the landing radar which would

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tell them their altitude above the lunar

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aboard radar there is that you would

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like you to cycle the landing radar

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breaker okay okay cone crater a major

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objective of this mission to Fra Mauro a

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hole blasted in the moon's surface eons

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ago it could provide a scientific clue

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for the history of the men for the earth

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we think that the fra mauro area was

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formed from materials thrown out by the

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impact that created the Imbrium basin to

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the north if this is the case we could

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get samples torn out from the deep of 60

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miles in the lunar crust all in all the

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from our material should contain a great

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deal of new information about the early

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history of the moon and thus help us to

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better understand the formation of our

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hey I can give it a few flakes to

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through two hundred feet until I have a

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per second that looks good mental here

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I predict you look great

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okay look like you're going right over

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there metal of birth Triplett 270 feet

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okay solid you're just barely from the

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moisture barely conscious it could land

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over here there's some stuff out god

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you're old you down right now okay third

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good rhodium looking great sixty Seconds

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forty feet three feet per second 30 feet

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the second contact five-and-a-half hours

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later Shepard left the lunar module to

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begin the first of two explorations ten

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years later 114 hours 22 minutes after

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leaving Earth Alan Shepard stepped onto

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the moon it looks like you're about on

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the bottom step and on the surface four

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minutes later he was joined by Ed

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following the tradition of two previous

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missions Shepard and Mitchell planted

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the next job was to load the met a

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rickshaw like wagon the astronauts would

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use to transport their tools of

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exploration and collected samples one of

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the big factors in lunar exploration is

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mobility in Apollo 14 we had the met

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which let us move further afield in the

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previous two missions in future missions

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we'll use the lunar rover a sort of moon

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going dune buggie this mobility will

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mean less time spending getting from

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here to there and more time collecting

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scientific data Shepard pulled the met

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while Mitchell carried the bar bell

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shaped package containing an automatic

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scientific station they would assemble a

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station designed to continue

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broadcasting data to earth for a year

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finding a suitable site to place the

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scientific instruments was the next

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order of business Shepard and Mitchell

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now began setting up the automated

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scientific laboratory a small nuclear

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generator to power the array the Central

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Station to transmit data to earth a

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seismometer to detect and measure

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activity on and within the moon a series

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of three experiments to measure charged

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particles near the lunar surface an

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independent experiment to reflect laser

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beams from Earth enabling extremely

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precise measurements of such things as

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earth to moon distance the wobble of the

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Earth's axis continental drift and

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shifts of the Earth's crust and a mortar

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to be fired by a signal from Earth

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sometime within the next year the impact

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of its charges would be picked up by

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Apollo 14 seismometer

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as a final exercise Mitchell used the

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thumper a device to explode a series of

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controlled shotgun like charges the

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vibrations from these detonations were

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picked up by a series of instruments he

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had previously deployed with the

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instruments set up and operating they

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headed back toward Antares pausing on

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the way to collect samples they loaded

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their 44 pounds of lunar material aboard

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the lunar module and after four hours

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and 50 minutes on the surface climbed

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as Shepard and Mitchell rested Stuart

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Roosa continued his work from lunar

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his photographs would have meaning not

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only to the scientific community but

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would have direct bearing on the

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planning for coming missions 12 hours 40

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minutes later Shepard and Mitchell began

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after loading the lunar rickshaw

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mitchell began the journey to cone

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crater Shepard adjusted the television

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point a the first stop on the trip to

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comb here they would collect and

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document samples measure the local

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magnetic field and take core tube

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the quality of the scientific

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description by the astronauts could be

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termed by earth-based scientists only as

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excellent

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but now Shepard and Mitchell pushed on

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after a brief stop at a second survey

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site they began their assault on cone

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crater a climb not only toward the

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summit of a lunar mountain but back

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through time a large crater acts in many

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respects like a drill throwing out

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material from deep beneath the surface

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this material should be very different

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from any we've collected before perhaps

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dating back to the origins of the moon

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permanent point but indefinitely uphill

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how do I pull up the sizes big trader

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came take a break get the map find out

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exactly where we are the maps they were

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using had been made from photography

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from lunar orbit the hummert's craters

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ridges and boulders took on a new

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now they were working against time

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against the oxygen and water left in

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their backpacks against the alien

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terrain top orig thinking it's the rim

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standing in a boulder field surrounded

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by rocks 10 to 12 feet long the

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astronauts made their most difficult

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decision with the concurrence of Mission

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Control they stopped their climb less

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than 150 feet from the edge to begin the

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the crew had no way of realizing they

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were so close it was a week after the

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mission before we determine this by

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photographic analysis while they could

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overcome the terrain they could not beat

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the steady drain of oxygen from their

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backpacks in the terms of scientific

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meaning the decision not to go on to the

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rim meant little in human terms a great

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disappointment the white rock is of

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different composition to the Apollo 11

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and 12 rocks in fact the chemistry of

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all the rocks that are being looked at

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so far is different to those rocks

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potassium and uranium are 10 times

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higher which are the sort of values we

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might expect if the firm are rocks

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represent ancient lunar crust which of

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again it was time time to head back to

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after a quick side trip to check on the

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science station they loaded the lunar

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module with samples and data and stepped

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off the lunar surface the second

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expedition had lasted four hours and 35

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minutes a total exploration of a record

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nine and one-half hours thirty three and

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a half hours after they landed Alan

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Shepard and Edgar Mitchell lifted off in

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Oh baby it's the record

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doing up good use

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Roger you're looking good from down here

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up on one minute half an hour later

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Stuart Roosa watched their progress from

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is an anticipation gaming it about

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Arthur speed closing in a little more

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for the pictures of the service module

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of Khmer mighdal okay okay it's food and

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around we go ohhh oh you look good there

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rope

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would you believe 360,000 yeah Kenny

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Arkansas an extremely smooth loop we're

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sitting at the 70 feet watching him go

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around he looks very clean the

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inspection complete Antares and Kitty

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and we got a hard dock big fire breather

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they transferred the gear from Antares

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to Kittyhawks buttoned up the tunnel

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then jettison the lunar module it would

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crash into the moon at a predetermined

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spot its impact picked up by their

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seismometer and the seismometer left by

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Apollo 12 over a year earlier a hundred

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and forty nine hours after they left

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Earth they performed the burn that broke

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them out of lunar orbit during the coast

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to earth there would be time to catch up

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on sleep relax and do all the little

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things left undone and there was one

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more item a series of scientific

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demonstrations in zero gravity

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demonstrations impossible to reproduce

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on earth these trials looked at basic

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physical properties of matter in

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zero-gravity studies that could lead

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eventually to new materials manufactured

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in space for use on earth on February

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9th 1971 nine days after they left Earth

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the crew of Apollo 14 hit the atmosphere

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of their planet at a speed of over

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24,000 miles per hour

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they hurtled toward Earth a meteor

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heading home on board 95 pounds of the

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extremely important those relate to the

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question of why we while we're fooling

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around the loan it's really that the the

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imprint of history of solar system

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history on the earth-moon system is

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centered on the moon for the first

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what do we hope to gain is we've got a

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window right now between T equals zero

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the beginning of the solar system and

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when the earth so totally messed up

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itself that we can't look at it anymore

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we'd like to look in there and that

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windows on the moon Apollo 14 has

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already had a very big scientific impact

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and we still have three missions left

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they'll be heading into even more rugged

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beginning with Apollo 15 the lunar rover

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will let us range further afield and

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collect more and more very percent of

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examples and information the study of

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the moon and how for instance elements

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and minerals are distributed in its

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crust will enable us to learn more about

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the process of crest formation on earth

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leading to a better understanding of the

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way that certain elements concentrate in

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the crust will we have had enough

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missions to the moon by the end of the

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Apollo program probably not you can